Bindings for the Novarini family of Verona View larger

Bindings for the Novarini family of Verona

Ten bindings decorated with this armorial insignia are known (D’oro, ad una torre di rosso, aperta e finestrata di nero, piantata sopra una terrazza di verde, e sormontata da un’aquila di nero, imbeccata e membrata di rosso, coronata d’oro). They cover books published at Lyon, by Sébastien Gryphe, in the years 1544-1552. All are in sextodecimo format, bound in various shades of red goatskin, with a title lettered at the head of the spine, and ruled in red. They could be Italian or French.1 It has been suggested that they formed part of a travelling library, although the bindings do not look like the products of a single shop. Apart from the tools used to produce the insignia (tower & eagle), which may have been retained by the collector, and passed between binders, there are none in common, and the forwarding and finishing vary. If indeed from a travelling library, then it was not a library bound as a single order, but one assembled over time.

Armorial painted in Italy ca 1550 (illuminator unknown) [BSB, cod. icon. 276, f.42, link]

The volumes contain no inscription, or other clue to the identity of their first owner. The arms have been identified as those of a “Cardinal Torregiano” and of (unnamed) members of the Della Torre, Giustiniani, and Novarini families. They match most closely the Novarini of Verona.2 The family is obscure, though flourishing from the fourteenth to the end of the seventeenth century. Members known by name include Girolamo, patron of an altar in the Convento S. Girolamo (1504); Antonio, fl. 1524; Giovanni Francesco, fl. 1558; and Giovanni Paolo, Giudice di Collegio, 1588-1589.3

The books seem to have come onto the market in the 1860s. One has an ownership inscription dated 1859 on an endleaf (no. 10); six were offered in a fixed price sale catalogue of an unidentified Parisian bookseller in the 1860s,4 then in an auction in Paris of the stock of the bookseller Giovanni Gancia in 1868 (nos. 2-4, 6-8).

1. Anthony Hobson & Paul Culot, Italian and French 16th century bookbindings (Brussels 1991), p.99 (as a French binding).

2. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Codices iconographici 276: XI. Insignia nobilium Veronensium, Vicentinorum, f. 42 [link]. The illuminator displays the eagle without a crown; it appears in the armorials seen by Eugenio Morando di Custoza, Armoriale Veronese (Verona 1976), no. 1833 (manuscript armorials of Alberti, G.A. Verza, De Parenti, of 17-18C); and is described by G.B. di Crollalanza, Dizionario storico-blasonico delle famiglie nobili e notabili italiane estinte e fiorenti (Pisa 1886-1890), II, pp.217-218 (“D’oro, ad una torre di rosso, aperta e finistrata di nero, piantata sopra una terrazza di verde, e sormontata da un’aquila di nero, imbeccata e menbrata di rosso, coronata d’oro”) [link], and by J.B. Rietstap, Armorial général: précédé d’un dictionnaire des termes du blason (Gouda 1884-1887), II, p.329 (“D’or à une tour de gu., ouv. et aj. de sa., posée sur une terrasse de sin. et supp. une aigle de sa., bq. et m. de gu., cour. d’or.”) [link].

3. Antonio Cartolari, Famiglie già ascritte al nobile Consiglio di Verona (Verona 1854), II-III, p.74. The Novarini arms are identified in fresco decoration executed ca 1560-ca 1580 by Paolo Farinati in Ca’ Zenobia (now Forlati), Sommacampagna, Verona, by Federico Dal Forno, “Ca Zenobia a Sommacampagna e gli affreschi di Paolo Farinati esaltanti virtu femminili” in Studi Storici Luigi Simeoni 46 (1996), pp.207-216.

4. The fixed-price catalogue has a drop-head title “Catalogue de la Bibliothèque d’un amateur. Pour les conditions, voir la couverture du présent Catalogue” and colophon “imp. De Jouaust, rue Saint-Honore, 338” (p.96). Unfortunately, this “couverture” was discarded in what may be the only surviving copy, kept by the Florentine bibliophile Giovanni Nencini (1803-1878), and bequeathed by him to the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze (shelfmark Nencini 2.10.5.42, with notation “Manca il frontispizio” [link]). Both the identity of the vendor (Giovanni Gancia? Antoine-Laurent Potier? Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne?) and the issue date of the catalogue are uncertain (the latest date found in the text is 1865). Some entries state “Voir la photographie” (e.g., no. 1 in our List below) and it is notable that the 1868 sale catalogue (Paris, Imp. de Jules Bonaventure”) was likewise illustrated by photographs. Bound with the “Catalogue de la Bibliothèque d’un amateur” in the Nencini-BnC volume are copies of the 1860 Gancia sale catalogue (Boulouze & A.-L. Potier, Livres rares et précieux, provenant de la collection de M. G.G. … de Br. … [Gancia de Brighton], 13-18 February 1860) and the 1861 Melville Glover sale catalogue (Delbergue-Cormont & René Muffat, Catalogue de beaux livres de la bibliothèque de feu M. P… Amateur lyonnais. Collection formée de 1801 a 1850 et depuis augmentée par M. Melville Glover, Paris, 7-8 March 1861).

list of bindings


(1) Ammianus Marcellinus, Ammiani Marcellini rerum gestarum libri decem et octo (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1552)


provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● Düsseldorf, Kunstgewerbemuseum
Düsseldorf, Kunstpalast, Skulptur und Angewandte Kunst, P 20379 (d:kult online Französischer Bucheinband, Mitte 16. Jahrhundert … 12 x 7,7 cm [link]; Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek, image [link])

(2) Decimus Magnus Ausonius, Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis Opuscula Varia (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1548)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● Catalogue de la Bibliothèque d’un amateur [see above], pp.9-10 (FF45; “in-16, réglé, mar. r., comp., tr. dor. Belle reliure italienne du temps, aux armes du grand Turenne, avec une tour gothique surmontée d’un aigle couronné. Voir la photographie”) [link]
● Giovanni Gancia, Brighton & Paris
● Delbergue-Cormont & Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne, Catalogue de la Bibliothèque de M. G. Gancia composée en partie de livres de la première bibliothèque du Cardinal Mazarin et d’Ouvrages précieux, Paris, 27 April-2 May 1868, lot 431 (“Belle reliure italienne du temps, aux armes, avec une tour gothique surmontée d’un aigle couronné. Voir la photographie”) [link]
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (FF 16?) [priced catalogue in Grolier Club: in pencil 16; in pen 30 (buyer’s name illegible)]
● Alde & Dominique Courvoisier, Livres anciens et modernes, Paris, 9 March 2009, lot 79 (“Reliure italienne de l’époque … aux armes de la famille Delle Torre, originaire de Milan” [link])
● T. Kimball Brooker (purchased at the above sale via Thomas-Scheler) [Bibliotheca Brookeriana ID #2204]
● Sotheby’s, Bibliotheca Brookeriana: A Renaissance Library, Part V, London, 10 December 2024, lot 1021
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (£3810) [RBH L24405-1021]


(3) Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Opera. Ad castigatissimi cujusque exemplaris fidem quam accuratissime restituta (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1551)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● Catalogue de la Bibliothèque d’un amateur [see above], p.52 (FF 50; “Belle reliure italienne aux armes, avec une tour gothique surmontée d’un aigle couronné du cardinal Torrigiano”) [link]
● Giovanni Gancia, Brighton & Paris
● Delbergue-Cormont & Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne, Catalogue de la Bibliothèque de M. G. Gancia composée en partie de livres de la première bibliothèque du Cardinal Mazarin et d’ouvrages précieux, Paris, 27 April-2 May 1868, lot 440 (“Belle reliure italienne aux armes avec une tour gothique surmontée d’un aigle couronné, du cardinal Torrigiano”) [link]
● Potier - bought in sale (FF 42?) [priced catalogue in Grolier Club: in pencil 42; in pen 35]


(4) Decimus Junius Juvenalis, Iunii Iuvenalis, & Auli Persii Flacci Satyrae (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1546)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● Catalogue de la Bibliothèque d’un amateur [see above], p.54 (FF 50; “Belle reliure italienne aux armes, avec une tour gothique surmontée d’un aigle couronné du cardinal Torrigiano”) [edition misdated 1586] [link]
● Giovanni Gancia, Brighton & Paris
● Delbergue-Cormont & Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne, Catalogue de la Bibliothèque de M. G. Gancia composée en partie de livres de la première bibliothèque du Cardinal Mazarin et d’Ouvrages précieux, Paris, 27 April-2 May 1868, lot 448 (“Belle reliure italienne du temps, aux armes de Torrigiano”) [correctly dated 1546] [link; image]
● Vincent - bought in sale (FF 46) [priced catalogue in Grolier Club: in pencil 46; in pen 25]


(5) Titus Livius, Titi Livii Patavini latinae historiae principis Decas quarta (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1548)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● unidentified owner,  “reproduction au catalogue Fleury, s.d., no. 60” (Hobson & Culot) [presumably a fixed-price booksellers’ catalogue, otherwise Culot would know the date; not offered in the 1908, 1933, 1941 auction sales of the Baron de Fleury library]
● François, comte Chandon de Briailles (1892-1953)
● Maurice Rheims & Jacqueline Vidal-Mégret, Bibliothèque de M. le Comte C. de X …, 1ère partie: Précieuses reliures armoriées ou ornées des XVIe et XVIIe siècles, manuscrits, Paris, 2-3 December 1954, lot 332
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (FF 13,100)
● Alde, Livres anciens du XVIe au XIXe siècle, Paris, 26 October 2022, lot 93 ( “Premier tome seul de cette belle et rare édition lyonnaise de Tite-Live. Remarquable reliure en maroquin à compartiments aux armes de la famille Novarini de Vérone”)
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (€1250)

literature
Anthony Hobson & Paul Culot, Italian and French 16th-century bookbindings (Brussels 1991), p.99


(6) Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, M. Annei Lucani De bello civili libri decem (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1546)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● Catalogue de la Bibliothèque d’un amateur [see above], p.60 (FF 50; “Belle et ancienne reliure du temps, aux armes sur les plats: une tour surmontée d’un aigle couronné. (Cardinal Torrigiani)”) [link]
● Giovanni Gancia, Brighton & Paris
● Delbergue-Cormont & Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne, Catalogue de la Bibliothèque de M. G. Gancia composée en partie de livres de la première bibliothèque du Cardinal Mazarin et d’Ouvrages précieux, Paris, 27 April-2 May 1868, lot 455 (“Belle et ancienne reliure du temps, aux armes sur les plats: une tour surmontée d’un aigle couronné. (Cardinal Torrigiani.)”) [link]
● Dupain (?) - bought in sale (FF 31) [priced catalogue in Grolier Club: in pencil 31 (buyer’s name illegible); Brunet, Manuel du libraire et de l’amateur de livres, Supplément (Paris 1878), I, col. 899 (“31 fr.”) [link])
● Sotheby’s France, Livres et manuscrits, Paris, 29 November 2007, lot 455 (“L’exemplaire fut relié en Italie, aux armes parlantes de la famille Della Torre”) [RBH PF7014-35]
● T. Kimball Brooker (purchased at the above sale) [Bibliotheca Brookeriana ID #2183]
● Sotheby’s, Bibliotheca Brookeriana: A Renaissance Library, New York, 11 October 2024, lot 58
● unidentified owner - bought in sale ($6350) [RBH N11245-58]


(7) Titus Lucretius Carus, Lucretii Cari poetae, ac philosophi vetustiss. De rerum natura libri sex (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1546)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● Catalogue de la Bibliothèque d’un amateur [see above], p.60 (FF 45; “Belle reliure italienne du temps, à riches compartiments en or, aux armes, avec une tour surmontée d’un aigle couronné”) [link]
● Giovanni Gancia, Brighton & Paris
● Delbergue-Cormont & Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne, Catalogue de la Bibliothèque de M. G. Gancia composée en partie de livres de la première bibliothèque du Cardinal Mazarin et d’Ouvrages précieux, Paris, 27 April-2 May 1868, lot 460 (“Belle reliure italienne du temps, à riches compartiments en or, aux armes, avec une tour surmontée d’un aigle couronné”) [link]
● Lortic - bought in sale (FF 33?) [priced catalogue in Grolier Club: in pencil 33; in pen 35]


(8) Marcus Valerius Martialis, M. Val. Martialis Epigrammaton libri XIIII (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1546)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● Catalogue de la Bibliothèque d’un amateur [see above], p.63 (“avec armes de la famille Torregiano”) [link]
● Giovanni Gancia, Brighton & Paris
● Delbergue-Cormont & Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne, Catalogue de la Bibliothèque de M. G. Gancia composée en partie de livres de la première bibliothèque du Cardinal Mazarin et d’Ouvrages précieux, Paris, 27 April-2 May 1868, lot 462 (“Belle reliure à compartiments en or, aux armes de la famille Torregiano, avec une tour surmontée d’un aigle couronné.”) [link]
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (FF 40) [priced catalogue in Grolier Club: in pencil 40; in pen 35 (buyer’s name illlegible); Brunet, op. cit., I, col. 973 (“dans une jolie reliure italienne, 40 fr. Gancia”) [link]
● Charles-Henri-Auguste Schefer (1820-1898), engraved armorial exlibris
● Léon Tual & Charles Porquet, Catalogue de bons livres ancien et modernes provenant de la bibliothèque de feu M. Ch. Schefer. Première partie, Paris, 8-16 May 1899, lot 122 (“Aux armes de la famille Della Torre”)
● unidentified owner, “Vente Scheffer 122”, inscription “au crayon au contreplat inférieur” (Christie’s)
● Hector Marie Auguste de Backer (1843-1925)
● Fernand Lair-Dubreuil & Librairie Giraud-Badin, Bibliothèque de feu M. Hector de Backer. Deuxième partie, Paris, 28-31 March 1927, lot 2906 (illustrated; “les armes de la famille Della Torre, comme celle du n° 2903”)
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (FF 850)
● Librairie Gumuchian et Cie, Paris; their Catalogue 12: Catalogue de reliures du XVe au XIXe siècle (Paris [1929]), item 67 & Pl. 61 (“arms of the della Torre family”)
● Pierre Briquet, libraire-expert [working with Henri Baudoin]
● Maurice Burrus (1882-1959), acquisition label dated 1934
● Christie’s Paris, Maurice Burrus (1882-1959): la bibliothèque d’un homme de goût. Première partie, Paris, 15 December 2015, lot 135 (“Les armes sont probablement celles de la famille Giustiniani di Gênes”) (realised €2250) [RBH 4035-135]
● T. Kimball Brooker (purchased at the above sale) [Bibliotheca Brookeriana ID #2182; offered by Sotheby’s, Bibliotheca Brookeriana: A Renaissance Library, Part V, London, 10 December 2024, lot 1158]


(9) Tiberius Catius Asconius Silius Italicus, De bello Punico libri septemdecim (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1547)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● Joannis [?] Paulucci (early inscription on title)
● Emil Hirsch Antiquariat, Katalog 15: Buch-Einbände. Litteratur und alte Originale. Mit 12 Tafeln (Munich [1897]), item 33 & Pl. 12 (“Höchst apartes Muster eines Lyoneser-Einbandes in Roth-maroquin. Die beiden Deckel tragen in der Mitte ein Wappen (Thurm mit Adler), oben u. unten zwei D (D-[reversed D]); die Zwischenraume punzenartig vergoldet. Gute Renaissance-Arbeit. 1547 (11½ : 6½ cm) M[ark] 150. Inhalt : Silius. De bello punico. Lugd. 1547. Abbildung siehe Tafel XII”)
● Hector Marie Auguste de Backer (1843-1925)
● Fernand Lair-Dubreuil & Librairie Giraud-Badin, Bibliothèque de feu M. Hector de Backer. Deuxième partie, Paris, 28-31 March 1927, lot 2903 [attributed to Della Torre]
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (FF 820)
● Librairie Giraud-Badin, Catalogue 11: Catalogue de livres anciens en vente au prix marqués (Paris 1929), item 1397 (“mar. rouge, compart. de fil. formant ellipses, fond semé de points dor., dos orné de larmes, tr. dor. … Très curieuse reliure italienne du XVIe siècle, aux armes de la famille Della Torre.”)
● Henri, comte Chandon de Briailles (1898-1937), exlibris “au C.te Chandon de Briailles” on free endpaper
● François, comte Chandon de Briailles (1892-1953)
● Maurice Rheims & Jacqueline Vidal-Mégret, Bibliothèque de M. le Comte C. de X… Précieuses reliures armoriées ou ornées XVIe et XVIIe siècles; Manuscrits, Paris, 2-3 December 1954, lot 306 [proposing Novarini family of Verona, on the basis of Rietstap, IV, Pl. 297)
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (FF 32,100) [at time of Christie’s sale, 7 July 2004, an ownership note in the volume, dated 1965 (?): “Ensuite propriété de la famille Chandon de Briailles, ce livre a été acheté par la librairie [André] Poursin, qui l’s vendu”]
● Ader Picard Tajan, Manuscrits et livres anciens, Paris, 11 December 1981, lot 69
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (FF 4000)
● Michel Wittock (1936-2020)
● Christie’s, The Michel Wittock collection, Part I: Important Renaissance bookbindings, London, 7 July 2004, lot 108 (illustrated) (“Novarini family of Verona (gilt arms on binding …This volume is one of a group of three in similar bindings, all on works published in Lyons by Sebastian Gryphius between 1546 and 1548”) [catalogue online, link; RBH 6996-108]
● unidentified owner - bought in sale (£10,755)

literature
Hobson & Culot, op. cit., no. 40 (as a French binding, “Reliure à compartiments aux armoiries de la famille de Torre”)


(10) Publius Terentius Afer, Publii Terentii Afri comoediae. Multo majore quam hactenus unquam, vigilantia repurgatae (Lyon: Sébastien Gryphe, 1544)

provenance
● possibly Novarini, family library (Verona), armorial supralibros
● unidentified owner, inscription “Ex libris Joannis Merlini” (or Medini?) on title-page (16C)
● unidentified owner, inscription “Ricordo dal Carlo Gio. Basilran (?) Merciati 1859” on endleaf
● unidentified owner, “black circular inkstamp” (19C)
● Don Diego Cristiano Antonio Francesco Pignatelli (1855-1938)
● Librairie Lardanchet, Paris
● T. Kimball Brooker (purchased from the above, 2016) [Bibliotheca Brookeriana ID #2146; offered by Sotheby’s, Bibliotheca Brookeriana: A Renaissance Library, Part V, London, 10 December 2024, lot 1212]

literature
Mostra storica della legatura artistica in Palazzo Pitti (Florence 1922), no. 359 (“Terentius. Lugduni, 1544. 0.074 x 0.116. Mar. rosso con sei compartimenti triangolari con sei figurine nude; al centro torre sormontata da aquila coronata. Dorso ornato con quattro figurine. Taglio inciso e dorato. S.E. il Principe Diego Pignatelli d’Angiò, Roma”)

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